Guides & Tutorials
A Complete CMS with No Server and 18 Lines of Code
A few months ago we released an open source project, Netlify CMS. We’ve thoroughly enjoyed opening this up to the community for contributions (and we're always looking for more).
When you think of a CMS, you typically imagine a large application running on a server. Netlify CMS is different; it's a single page app written in React and built on Git. This means you can use a free GitHub repo as a database for your content.
The CMS is almost always used with a static site generator, like Hugo or Middleman, making it difficult for folks to understand where the CMS ends and the site generator begins, causing things to appear a bit "magical". In this post, we're going to set up the CMS locally in the most minimal way possible to help you better understand what it does.
Let's get started!
Installing Locally
First we'll install the CMS locally:
- Create a new local directory (does not need to be a Git repo).
- Add a new file to that directory called
index.html:
<head>
<link href="https://unpkg.com/netlify-cms/dist/cms.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
</head>
<body>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/netlify-cms/dist/cms.js"></script>
</body>
- Add another file to that directory called
config.yml:
backend:
name: test-repo
media_folder: media_folder
collections:
- name: post
label: Post
folder: posts
create: true
fields:
- {name: title, label: Title}
- {name: body, label: Body, widget: markdown}
If you serve that html file, you'll have a working CMS running locally. Here's a quick way to run a server:
- Get Node.
- From your command line, run:
npm install -g http-server - Still from the command line, move into the directory where you just created your CMS files.
- Run this:
http-server -o -a localhost.
Note: if you have a different way of serving, make sure you open the page via “localhost” (not 127.0.0.1). This is important because Netlify provides authentication services to your GitHub account during local development, but only if you're running on localhost.
Your default browser should open, and you'll be greeted with an input for entering your email address. You can do that for a bit of personalization, or just click "Log in".
You can create, save, and edit posts at this point — but it's all being saved in your browser's memory. If you refresh the page, it's gone. Let's set up a real backend.
Update: it's been pointed out that some servers may not set utf-8 as the charset by default — if the page errors out at this point, you probably need to set the charset yourself by adding <meta charset="utf-8"> inside of the head tag.
Using GitHub as a Content Database
You can store your content in any GitHub repo that has at least one commit, but let's create a new one:
- Head over to the new repo page on GitHub.
- Make sure the repo is public, not private. (This is for tutorial purposes — private repos are also supported.)
- Check the box labeled "Initialize this repository with a README" — this way your repo will have a commit, which is required.
- Click "Create Repository" to create your new repo.
Now let's connect Netlify CMS to your repo. You'll need the path to your repo, which consists of your GitHub username and your repo name, separated by a slash. For example, my GitHub username is erquhart, and I have a test repo called "blank", so my repo path would be erquhart/blank. With your repo path in hand, let's go back to our config.yml file and make a change:
backend:
name: github
repo: erquhart/blank
I changed the backend name to "github", so Netlify CMS knows we're using a GitHub repo, and I added my repo path.
Making Changes
If you refresh the CMS page, you'll see all of the content disappear. That's because the CMS is now looking in your GitHub repo for content, and there is none. It's able to check your repo for content without any authentication because your repo is public, but if you try to create a post and save, you'll get an error. Authentication requires a server for verification, which Netlify provides for users running the CMS locally under localhost.
Let's go ahead and authenticate with GitHub:
- In the CMS page, click the settings icon in the top right, and select "Log Out" from the dropdown.
- Close your browser tab and re-open the CMS page in a new tab.
- You should now see a button labeled "Login With GitHub" — click it.
- A popup will appear asking you to allow Netlify access to your repos. Confirm everything and you'll be logged in to the CMS again.
Finally, create a post and save it. Aaaannnd...that's it! You're using a web app as a CMS, and using GitHub as a content database! Let's peek at how things are working behind the scenes, shall we?
What's Happening?
When you saved your post, you may have expected to find it in a file on your local machine, but that isn't the case — your post exists only in your remote Git repo on GitHub. To save a change, the CMS converts your post to a Markdown string, and then sends a number of requests to GitHub's API, all resulting in a markdown file being added to your repo's master branch in a new commit. The Markdown file can then be used by any static site generator that can process Markdown!
Next Steps
Note that this walkthrough was intentionally limited. Here's a few next steps to consider for experimenting with or implementing Netlify CMS:
- Create and deploy a full-fledged editable website with a blog in minutes.
- Try the editorial workflow mode for drafts and publishing control.
- Check out the available widgets for the editor (you can also add your own).
- Netlify CMS is a community project — open an issue or pull request and make it even better!
